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Objetivo: El presente trabajo tuvo como propósito describir las características físicas, citológicas y bioquímicas, así como clasificar los líquidos pleurales de pacientes con COVID-19 como exudados o trasudados. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal descriptivo. Se recopiló datos del examen citoquímico de muestras de líquido pleural procesadas entre los meses de abril a setiembre del 2020, en el laboratorio del Centro de Emergencias de Lima Metropolitana (CELIM). Resultados: Durante el periodo de estudio un total de 81 muestras de líquido pleural de pacientes con COVID-19 fueron evaluadas, de estos, 26 cumplieron con nuestros criterios de elegibilidad. Catorce líquidos (54%), tuvieron un color rojo y 18 (69%) tuvieron un aspecto turbio. Los líquidos pleurales exudativos fueron la mayoría (n = 17), las proteínas totales presentaron una media de 3.3 gr/dl (DE: 1.5), LDH una mediana de 544 U/L (RIC: 262-2016), el recuento leucocitario tuvo una mediana de 610 leucocitos/ul (RIC: 180-968) y el recuento diferencial de polimorfonucleares una mediana 29% (RIC: 15-60). En cuanto a las características clínicas, del total de exudados el 41% correspondían a neoplasias y el 23% a neumonías. Mientras que, del total de trasudados (n=9), 45% provenían de pacientes con neoplasias. Conclusiones: En nuestro estudio observamos que la mayoría de las muestras de líquido pleural de pacientes con COVID-19 fueron clasificadas como exudados. Estas presentaron un bajo porcentaje diferencial leucocitario de polimorfonucleares. Los valores de los parámetros bioquímicos tales como proteínas totales y LDH se relacionaron adecuadamente con la clasificación de exudados.
Objetive:The purpose of this work was to describe the physical, cytological and biochemical characteristics, as well as to classify the pleural fluids of patients with COVID-19 as exudates or transudates. Materials and Methods: An observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. Data was collected from the cytochemical examination of pleural fluid samples processed between the months of April to September 2020, in the laboratory of the Emergency Center of Metropolitan Lima (CELIM). Results: During the study period, a total of 81 samples of pleural fluid from patients with COVID-19 were evaluated, of these, 26 met our eligibility criteria. Fourteen liquids (54%) had a red color and 18 (69%) had a cloudy appearance. Exudative pleural fluids were the majority (n = 17), total proteins presented a mean of 3.3 g / dl (SD: 1.5), LDH a median of 544 U / L(IQR: 262-2016), the leukocyte count had a median of 610 leukocytes / ul (IQR: 180-968) and the differential polymorphonuclear count a median 29% (IQR: 15-60). Regarding the clinical characteristics, of the total exudates, 41% corresponded to neoplasms and 23% to pneumonia. While, of the total transudates (n = 9), 45% came from patients with neoplasms. Conclusions: In our study we observed that most of the pleural fluid samples from patients with COVID-19 were classified as exudates. These presented a low differential leukocyte percentage of polymorphonuclear cells. The values of the biochemical parameters such as total proteins and LDH were adequately related to the classification of exudates.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is the third most common neoplasm in the world. Methylation of tumor related genes in CpG islands can cause gene silencing and been involved in the development of cancer. The potential role of DKK2 as a biomarker for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the profile of methylation and RNAm expression of DKK2 as potential predictors of colorectal cancer diagnosis and prognosis. METHODS: Expression of mRNAs encoding DKK2 in 35 colorectal cancer tissues was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. The DNA methylation was studied by high resolution melting analysis. The general characteristics of the patients were collected. DKK2 methylation and expression were compared to clinical, pathological aspects and overall survival. RESULTS: Among the 35 patients studied, 18 were male, 10 were on right colon and 25 on left colon. Among the 20 patients with high hypermethylation, 15 of them had mRNA low expression of DKK2. There was no significant association between DKK2 promoter methylation and mRNA DKK2 expression and clinical or pathological features. DKK2 promoter methylation (P=0.154) and DKK2 RNA expression (P=0.345) did not show significant correlation with overall survival. CONCLUSION: DKK2 promoter methylation and DKK2 RNA status appear to be biomarkers of cancer diagnosis but not predictors of prognosis.
RESUMO CONTEXTO: O câncer colorretal é a terceira neoplasia mais comum no mundo. A metilação de alguns genes nas ilhas CpG podem causar silenciamento gênico e estar envolvida no desenvolvimento de câncer. O potencial papel de DKK2 como um biomarcador no diagnóstico precoce de CCR permanece incerto. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o perfil de metilação e expressão de RNAm do gene DKK2 para identificar preditores potenciais de diagnóstico e prognóstico de CCR. MÉTODOS: A expressão de mRNAs que codificam DKK2 em 35 tecidos de câncer colorretal foi quantificada por reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real e a metilação do DNA foi verificada por análise de alta resolução. As características gerais dos pacientes foram coletadas. A metilação e expressão de DKK2 foram comparadas aos aspectos clínicos, patológicos e à sobrevida global. RESULTADOS: Entre os 35 pacientes estudados, 18 eram do sexo masculino, 10 tumores eram do cólon ascendente ou transverso e 25 do descendente ou reto. Entre os 20 pacientes com hipermetilação, 12 deles apresentaram baixa expressão de RNAm do gene DKK2. Não houve associação significativa entre a metilação do promotor de DKK2 e a expressão de RNAm de DKK2 e características clínicas ou patológicas. A metilação do promotor de DKK2 e a expressão do RNA de DKK2 não mostraram correlação com sobrevida global dos pacientes com CCR. CONCLUSÃO: A metilação do gene promotor e a expressão do RNAm do gene DKK2 parecem ser biomarcadores de diagnóstico de câncer, mas não se mostraram úteis na avaliação prognóstica.
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Humans , Male , Female , Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics , DNA Methylation , Prognosis , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Promoter Regions, Genetic , CpG Islands , Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of Fite staining in leprosy histopathology.Methods Between 2013 and 2017,13 patients diagnosed with leprosy or suspected leprosy (high suspicion of leprosy based on clinical manifestations and hematoxylin-eosin staining,but negative acid-fast staining) in our department,were enrolled into this study.The histopathological sections were subjected to Fite staining,and the results were compared with those of acid-fast staining,so as to assess the value of Fite staining in the diagnosis of leprosy.Results Six patients with positive acid-fast staining still showed positive Fite staining.Among 7 patients with suspected leprosy and negative acid-fast staining,6 patients showed positive Fite staining with varying numbers of Mycobacterium leprae,and 1 showed negative Fite staining.Conclusion Fite staining can increase the detection rate of Mycobacterium leprae.
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El diagnóstico anatomo-patológico de las enfermedades neoplásicas se realiza a través del estudio morfológico, ya sea por métodos citológicos o histopatológicos, complementados en casos necesarios, por otros procedimientos o técnicas adicionales. La diferenciación citológica entre células benignas y malignas en fluidos serosos y en biopsias por aspiración con aguja fina, es frecuentemente difícil en la práctica diaria. La técnica del bloque celular es importante para poder revelar células tumorales en muestras que han sido reportadas como negativas para malignidad por los métodos cito-lógicos convencionales, pues es una metodología que permite la utilización de la inmunohistoquímica. OBjETIVO: Análisis del valor diagnóstico de la técnica de bloque celular en fluidos corporales patológicos y de biopsias por aspiración con aguja fina, en el De-partamento de Patología del Instituto del Cáncer SOL-CA-Cuenca. Período junio 2007- marzo 2008. MÉTODOS: Estudio de tipo descriptivo correlacional entre citología convencional y bloque celular. Se incluye-ron 56 casos provenientes de líquidos de lavado perito-neal; líquido ascítico, pleural, intratumoral, biliar; BAAF de glándula mamaria, tiroides, ganglio, conducto vagi-nal; tumor pancreático; y de muestras fisiológicas como la orina; a los que se les realizó cito-centrifugación en el equipo de Cytospin y técnica de bloque celular. RESULTADOS: Con la técnica de Cytospin hubo casos no concluyentes para diagnóstico, mientras que con la técnica de bloque celular (BC) no se presentaron. Con la técnica de bloque celular se encontró en un 28.5% de casos neoplásicos malignos y con la citología con-vencional, en un 10.7%. Al 30.5% se le solicitó técnicas de inmunohistoquímica para definir el origen neoplási-co, siendo la mayoría procedentes del tracto gastroin-testinal y pulmonar. CONCLUSIONES: La técnica de bloque celular debe ser un procedimiento de rutina en la sección de citología. La utilidad de los bloques celulares se debe en parte a su sencillez, y por otro lado aporta especificidad, ya que permite valorar aspectos como la arquitectura de la muestra, y realizar técnicas de citoquímica e inmuno-histoquímica y presentan una calidad óptima para su interpretación.
Anatomy-pathological diagnosis of neoplastic diseases is performed through the morphological study, either by cytological or histopathological methods, which were supplemented in necessary cases by other procedures or additional techniques. The cytological differentiation between benign and malignant cells in serous fluids and in fine needle aspiration biopsies is often difficult in daily practice. The technique of the cell block is important to be able to reveal tumor cells in samples that have been reported as negative for malignancy by conventional cytological methods, since it is a methodology that allows the use of immunohistochemistry. OBjECTIVE: Analyze the diagnostic value of the cell block technique in pathological body fluids and fine needle aspiration biopsies in the Department of Pa-thology of the SOLCA-Cuenca Cancer Institute. Period June 2007 - March 2008.METhODS: It is a descriptive correlational study between conventional cytology and cell block. A total of 56 ca-ses from peritoneal lavage fluids were included; ascites fluid, pleural, intratumoral, biliary, BAAF of mammary gland, thyroid, ganglion, vaginal duct, pancreatic tu-mor and physiological samples such as urine; who were cyto-centrifuged in the Cytospin team and cell block technique. RESULTS: With the Cytospin technique there were in-conclusive cases for diagnosis, while with the cell block technique (CB) they were not present. The cell block technique was found in 28.5% of malignant neoplas-tic cases and with 10.7% in conventional cytology. The 30.5% were asked for immunohistochemical techniques to define the neoplastic origin, being the majority from the gastrointestinal and pulmonary tract.CONCLUSIONS: The cell block technique should be a routine procedure in the cytology section. The useful-ness of the cell blocks is due to its simplicity, and on the other hand it contributes specificity, since it allows eva-luating aspects such as the architecture of the sample, and performs techniques of cytochemistry and immu-nohistochemistry presenting an optimal quality for its in-terpretation.
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Humans , Male , Female , Body Fluids , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Diagnosis , Pathology , Immunohistochemistry , Cell Biology , NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Objective To discuss the function of Sijunzitang on relieving the exhaustion fatigue of muscle.(Methods Thirty-two) mice were divided into Quiet group,Fatigue group,Nature recovery group and Sijunzitang group.The mice in last three groups swam in the pool for 50 min every day.During exercise 0.2 mL Sijunzitang was injected into each mouse in Sijunzitang group every day.And the same dosage of normal saline was injected into other groups.After exercise,all the mice were killed and taken as material immediately.The technique of cytochemistry and Type MPV2 microspectrophotometer were used to test quantitatively the chemical components of different types(Ⅰ type,Ⅱ_A type and Ⅱ_B type) of muscle fibers in the quadriceps of mice after exhaustion exercise.(Results After) exhaustion exercise the content of glycogen and the activity of SDH in the muscle fibers in Fatigue group reduced remarkably (P
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Objective To explore the clinicopathologic features,histological classification,prognosis and diag- nosis of ganglioneuroblasroma (GNB).Methods Histopathologic appearance,immunohistiehemical stainings were observed and analyzed in three cases of GNB.The associated literature were reviewed.Results The characteristics of GNB was detected that there was gangliocytes in component of differentiated neuroblastic tumour ceils.Immunohisti- chemical staining showed the tumor cells were positive for NF,NSE and CgA,and negative for S-100 protein,LCA, CD99 and Syn.Conclusions GNB is an uncommon tumour with poor outcome which composed of gangliocytes and neuroblastoma.To make a histological classification according to age,the ratio of neuroblastic tumour component and the differation of GNB will be very useful in clinical therapy and prognostic evaluation.
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Aim To investigate the preventive effects of misoprostol on osteoporosis in aged ovariectomized(OVX)rats.Methods Female,10-month-old SD rats were ovariectomized(OVX)and,2 months later,were treated with misoprostol or controls for 2 months.The static and dynamic parameters in trabecular bone of the forth lumbar vertebrae(LV4)were examined with histomorphometrical analyses;the fifth lumbar vertebrae(LV5)was used to perform the compression test.Results Compared with the data from the sham-operated rats,the percent trabecular area and elastic modulus significantly decreased in OVX rats.Correspondingly,the bone break load and break stress decreased of post OVX was compared with those of sham-operated rats.Misoprostol increased the percent trabecular area by 21.6% compared with OVX rats,but it couldn't meet the statistical significance.Misoprostol enhanced the break load and elastic modulus compared with OVX rats.Conclusion Misoprostol can improve biomechanics of bone in ovariectomized osteoporosis rats.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pharyngoesophageal musculature plays an important role in swallowing, and prevents aspiration and supraesophageal reflux. These muscles are closed during the resting state and opens with swallowing to allow the passage of food. In this study, the histochemical characteristics of the upper esophageal sphincter muscles in human were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Muscle samples from the inferior pharyngeal constrictor, cricopharyngeus, upper esophageal muscle and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle were obtained from the healthy portion of nine laryngectomized specimen. We used the H&E staining for identifying the gross anatomy of these muscles, and the myofibrillar ATPase staining and the NADH-TR staining for differentiating the muscle fiber type. RESULTS: Analysis of the muscle fiber types of the upper esophageal sphincter muscle revealed a predominance of type I in the cricopharyngeus (78.9%) and the upper esophageal muscle (85.2%), and type II in the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle (80%). In the SCM muscle, the percentage of each fiber type was almost the same. The proportion of oxidative fibers within these muscles correlated well to that of the type I fibers. CONCLUSION: The distribution of the type I fibers tended to be higher in the upper esophageal muscle than in the inferior pharyngeal constrictor. These findings about fiber types represents well the physiological features of each muscle, i.e. the inferior pharyngeal constrictors are capable of short rapid contraction and the upper esophageal muscles are capable of slow rhythmic movement.
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Humans , Adenosine Triphosphatases , Deglutition , Esophageal Sphincter, Upper , Histocytochemistry , Muscles , Pharyngeal MusclesABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the pathological features and clinical characteristics of primary mitochondrial myopathy and encephalomyopathy. Methods 11 cases of mitochondrial myopathy and encephalomyopathy were analyzed on clinical features, histochemical changes and ultrastructure observations of muscles. Results RRFs were found in all 11 cases by muscle staining of MGT under light microscope. 7 cases were only afflicated with muscle weakness, 4 cases also having impairment of central nervous system. The proportion of RRFs was 6.4% to 10.3%. We observed these cases under electronic microscope. In 9 cases,the ultrastructural alterations included subsarcolemmal accumulation of mitochondria,increases of the number,abnormal shape,disarrangement of cristae and paracrystaline inclusion bodies. In 2 cases the increase of mitochondrial number is only the alteration. Conclusions Typical RRF is valuable for diagnoses of mitochondrial myopathy and encephalomyopathy under light microscope. The accumulation of abnormal mitochondrials beneath sarcolemal,especially the paracrystaline inclusion bodies are significant in making a definite diagnosis of this disease under electronic microscope.
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Objective To study the nitric oxide synthase(NOS)distribution and activity in placental villous,stem villous vessel and umbilical vessel from pregnancies with abnormal umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms and discuss the effect of NOS in the development of abnormal umbili- cal artery flow velocity waveforms.Methods Using NADPH-diaphorase histochemical method and colorimetry,we studied the distribution and activity of NOS in placental villous,stem villous vessel and umbilical vessel tissues from nine women with normal umbilical artery Doppler waveforms and eight women with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler waveforms.Results The NOS primarily dis- tributed in the syncytiotrophoblast and vessel endothelial cells.In the majority syncytiotrophoblast of normal group,the blue granules gathered to mass,appeared primarily basal in location.In the ma- jority syneytiotrophoblast of abnormal group,the blue granules diffused primarily around nucleus, the staining intension was weaker than normal.Placental villous from the abnormal group had signif- icantly lower activities of NOS than the normal group.Conclusions The lower activities and an abnormal distribution of NOS were found in the placental villous of women with abnormal umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms.The abnormity of NOS may contribute to the development abnormal umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms.
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Objective To explore possible physiological and biochemical mechanisms of Lagenidium giganteum infection in killing mosquito larvae. Methods The content of lipid and the activities of esterase and lipase between the normal and infected mosquito larvae were observed with histochemical method. The results were photomicrographed and analysed by image analysis using computer. Results In 24 hrs after infection, the content of lipid in the infected Culex quinquefasciatus larvae was lower while the activities of esterase and lipase in the larvae were higher than the control. In 48 hrs and 78 hrs after infection, the content of lipid in the infected larvae of C. quinquefasciatus and Ae. albopictus were significantly lower while the activities of esterase and lipase were significantly higher than those of control. Conclusion The content of lipid in the mosquito larvae decreased while the activities of esterase and lipase increased after the infection of Lagenidium giganteum . The disorder of lipid metabolism might be part of the killing mechanisms to C. quinquefasciatus and Ae. albopictus larvae.
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The ischemic myocardium in cultured myocardial cell of newborn rat and treated with Sodium Selenite(Se) and Fructose-1, 6-diphosphate(FDP) were studied comparatively by means of morphometry and quantitative cytochemistry. The area of myocardial cell and mitochondrion and the content of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) in myocardial cell were quantitated by texture analysis system (TAS). Lipid peroxidation(LPO) and the myocardial cell beat function were observed. The results showed that the changes of the mitochondrion area interrelated with its number remarkabiy. When the mitochondrion area enlarges more than two fold, the destruction of mitochondrion is remarkable. Both Se and FDP can protect the ischemic myocardial cell, but the effects Se on forestalling destruction of mitochondrion, maintaining vitality of SDH and reducing content of malondialodehyde (MDA) are more powerful than FDP, and the effects of FDP on reducing edema of myocardial cell and mitochondrion, improving myocardial cell beat function are better than Se.
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The ventricular myocardial lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) were histochemically studied in 34 rabbits which were divided into 3 groups—normal control, sham operation and hemorrhagic shock. Using microspectrophotometric quantitative analysis showed that LDH activity was somewhat increased while SDH activity was obviously decreased (P
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0.05). ITA contains elastin a relatively higher than the other two (P
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Objective:To study the instant and short term effects of diagnostic ultrasound on ultrastructure and hydrogen peroxide cytochemistry of human villi. Methods: Fifteen healthy women with gestational ages of 6 to 8 weeks were divided into 4 groups. Group A( n =3),B( n =4),C( n =4) and D( n =4) were exposured to diagnostic ultrasound for 0,10,20 and 20 min respectively. In group A, B, and C, the villi were taken out immediately after ultrasound exposure and were studied. In group D, the villi were taken out 3 d after ultrasound exposure. Results: The results showed that there were changes only in group C. Enlargement of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial intracristal space were observed in syntrophoblast cells. In group A, B, and D, there were no evident abnormality. Conclusion: The conventional acoustic exposure of diagnostic ultrasound is safe for human villi.
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By using histochemical reaction of Y-GTP,G-6-Pase and ATPase, an in vestiga-tion of alterations of Human Hepatocellular Carcincma(HCC)and its surrounding tissues was made. Liver tissues were obtained from 10 subjects at time of surgery. The experimental results showed that the enzymes significantly in HCC differed from those in its surrounding tissues. The Y-GTP activity in HCC was marked in 2 sub-lects, slight in 5 subjects,none in 3 subjects. The alterations mentioned above revealed no marked relation with the degree of HCC diferentiation .Thus Y-GTP could not be considered to be a reliable positive enzyme marker of HCC.The Y-GTP in its surrounding tissues showed increased staining intensity. G-6-Pase activity in HCC markedly decereased or disappeared, but increased markedly in its surrounding tissues. The staining of G-6-Pase could be used to distinguish cancerous from noncancerous areas. ATPase (Mg)aciivity in HCC decreased or disappeared as well.